Evidence

Cochrane Nutrition Reviews

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(Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment

Acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Acetyl-l-carnitine for dementia

Adjunctive antioxidants for bipolar disorder

Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease

Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections

Agricultural and nutritional education interventions for reducing aflatoxin exposure to improve infant and child growth in low- and middle-income countries

Alcohol intake reduction for controlling hypertension

Alpha lipoic acid for dementia

Altered dietary salt for preventing pre-eclampsia, and its complications

Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing and treating diabetic kidney disease

Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption

Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants

Antacids and lifestyle advice for reflux oesophagitis and Endoscopy Negative Reflux Disease

Antenatal breast examination for promoting breastfeeding

Antenatal breast milk expression by women with diabetes for improving infant outcomes

Antenatal breastfeeding education for increasing breastfeeding duration

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake

Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes

Antenatal interventions for reducing weight in obese women for improving pregnancy outcome

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis

Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease

Antioxidant supplements for liver diseases

Antioxidant supplements for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis

Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers

Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases

Antioxidant treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for preventing and slowing the progression of age-related cataract

Antioxidants for acute pancreatitis

Antioxidants for chronic kidney disease

Antioxidants for female subfertility

Antioxidants for male subfertility

Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis

Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise

Antioxidants for preventing pre-eclampsia

Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Ascorbic acid for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants

Baby-led compared with scheduled (or mixed) breastfeeding for successful breastfeeding

Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants

Behavioural interventions for reducing weight gain in schizophrenia

Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension

Body weight management in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors

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Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates

Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy

Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples

Breastfeeding for oral health in preschool children

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Breastfeeding or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour

Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children

Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults

Caffeine for asthma

Caffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers

Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants

Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women

Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems

Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension

Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Calcium supplementation for weight reduction in overweight or obese people

Calcium, vitamin D or recombinant parathyroid hormone for managing post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism

Calorie controlled diet for chronic asthma

Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants

Carbohydrates for improving the cognitive performance of independent-living older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors

Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis

Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism

Carnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnoea

Carnitine supplementation of parenterally fed neonates

Carnitine supplements for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Chewing gum for enhancing early recovery of bowel function after caesarean section

Chinese herbal medicine alone or combined with vitamins for gastric precancerous lesions

Chitosan for overweight or obesity

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis

Chromium picolinate supplementation for overweight or obese adults

Cinnamon for diabetes mellitus

Co-enzyme Q10 supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure

Combined calcium, magnesium and potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus

Combined large neutral amino acid supplementation for phenylketonuria (PKU)

Combined vitamin B6-magnesium treatment in autism spectrum disorder

Community level interventions to improve food security in developed countries

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Community-based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle income countries

Community-level interventions for improving access to food in low- and middle-income countries

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Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants

Complementary and alternative therapies for shortening labour

Computer-based diabetes self-management interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Conservative management of oesophageal soft food bolus impaction

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams

Continuous versus bolus intragastric tube feeding for preterm and low birth weight infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections

Cranberries for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Creatine for Parkinson's disease

Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Creatine for treating muscle disorders

Creatine for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

Customised versus population-based growth charts as a screening tool for detecting small for gestational age infants in low-risk pregnant women

Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates

D-mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections

Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women

Daily iron supplementation for prevention or treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in infants, children, and adolescents

Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy

Diet or exercise, or both, for weight reduction in women after childbirth

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia

Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk

Dietary advice for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults

Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus

Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults

Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps

Dietary exclusions for established atopic eczema

Dietary fibre for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas and carcinomas

Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Dietary flavonoid for preventing colorectal neoplasms

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors

Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease

Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease

Dietary interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life

Dietary interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid life

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease

Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis-related outcomes

Dietary interventions for phenylketonuria

Dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria

Dietary interventions for prevention of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis

Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Dietary sodium manipulation and asthma

Dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for treating gestational diabetes

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea

Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema

Dietary supplements for preventing postnatal depression

Diets for primary prevention of gallbladder stones in adults

Different strains of probiotics for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis

Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Dilute versus full-strength formula in exclusively formula-fed preterm or low birth weight infants

Directed preconception health programs and interventions for improving pregnancy outcomes for women who are overweight or obese

Disease management interventions for improving self-management in lower-limb peripheral arterial disease

Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants

Early compared with delayed oral fluids and food after caesarean section

Early discharge with home support of gavage feeding for stable preterm infants who have not established full oral feeds

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants

Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Early versus Delayed Refeeding for Children with Acute Diarrhoea

Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition

Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in infants born preterm

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in later infancy in term-born infants

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months and under

Educational interventions for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults

Effect of alcohol on blood pressure

Effect of cocoa on blood pressure

Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants

Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations

Effectiveness of provision of animal-source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children 6 to 59 months of age

Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects

Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride

Effects of restricted caffeine intake by mother on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes

Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults

Effects of total fat intake on body weight

Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid from fish oils) for the treatment of cancer cachexia

Enhanced glucose control for preventing and treating diabetic neuropathy

Enhanced recovery protocols for major upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic surgery

Enteral feeding methods for nutritional management in patients with head and neck cancers being treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

Enteral iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants

Enteral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates

Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Enteral nutrition formulations for acute pancreatitis

Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis

Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia

Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in the intensive care unit

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis

Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia

Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health

Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery

Essential phospholipids for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Experiences of conditional and unconditional cash transfers intended for improving health outcomes and health service use: a qualitative evidence synthesis

Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants

Extra fluids for breastfeeding mothers for increasing milk production

Factors that influence women’s engagement with breastfeeding support: a qualitative evidence synthesis

Fasting for haemostasis in children with gastrointestinal bleeding

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro-oesophageal reflux

Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate

Feeding strategies to prevent neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in term or late preterm babies born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19

Fermented milk for hypertension

Fiber and bulking agents for the treatment of chronic constipation

Fish oil for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis

Fish oil for kidney transplant recipients

Fish oil supplements for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in adults

Fish oil-based lipid emulsions versus standard lipid emulsions for prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in children

Fish oil-based lipid emulsions versus standard lipid emulsions for treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in children

Flavonoids for treating venous leg ulcers

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis

Fluid therapy protocols in people with acute pancreatitis

Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries

Fluoride for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis

Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children

Fluoride supplements (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gums) for preventing dental caries in children

Folate for depressive disorders

Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease

Folate supplementation in women of reproductive age

Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Folic acid for fragile X syndrome

Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy for maternal health and pregnancy outcomes

Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of anaemia in preterm neonates

Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Formula versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health

Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations

Fortification of rice with vitamins and minerals for addressing micronutrient malnutrition

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency

Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general population

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes

GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women undergoing assisted reproduction

Garlic for peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Garlic for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications

Garlic for the common cold

Garlic for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients

Gastrostomy feeding versus oral feeding alone for children with cerebral palsy

Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis

Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

Glutamine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults

Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease

Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer

Green tea for weight loss and weight maintenance in overweight or obese adults

Growth monitoring in children

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes

High versus low added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants

High-carbohydrate, high-protein, low-fat versus low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat enteral feeds for burns

Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants

Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age

Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction

Homocysteine lowering interventions for peripheral arterial disease and bypass grafts

Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events

Honey and lozenges for children with non-specific cough

Honey for acute cough in children

Human growth hormone and glutamine for patients with short bowel syndrome

Human milk-derived fortifier versus bovine milk-derived fortifier for prevention of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates

Hypertonic salt solution for peri-operative fluid management

Immunonutrition as an adjuvant therapy for burns

Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults

Immunonutrition for patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer

Immunotherapy (oral and sublingual) for food allergy to fruits

Impact of exposure to alcohol marketing and subsequent drinking patterns among youth and young adults

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease

Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Inositol for depressive disorders

Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome

Inpatient versus outpatient care, partial hospitalisation and waiting list for people with eating disorders

Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation

Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five

Intensive versus conventional glycaemic control for treating diabetic foot ulcers

Interaction of calcium channel blockers and grapefruit juice in healthy adults

Interactive computer-based interventions for weight loss or weight maintenance in overweight or obese people

Interconception care for women with a history of gestational diabetes for improving maternal and infant outcomes

Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age

Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy

Internet-based interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

Interventions during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Interventions for growth failure in childhood Crohn's disease

Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under

Interventions for ketosis during labour

Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy

Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in dialysis patients

Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in kidney transplant recipients

Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy

Interventions for oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with neurological impairment

Interventions for pregnant women with hyperglycaemia not meeting gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes diagnostic criteria

Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients

Interventions for preventing eating disorders in children and adolescents

Interventions for preventing falls in people with multiple sclerosis

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation

Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation

Interventions for promoting participation in shared decision-making for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese

Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease

Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis

Interventions for the management of obesity in people with bipolar disorder

Interventions for the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children

Interventions for the treatment of decreased bone mineral density associated with HIV infection

Interventions for the uptake of evidence-based recommendations in acute stroke settings

Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a network meta-analysis

Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women

Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese

Interventions for weight reduction in obesity to improve survival in women with endometrial cancer

Interventions in the management of serum lipids for preventing stroke recurrence

Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment

Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in children and adults with overweight or obesity

Interventions to enhance adherence to dietary advice for preventing and managing chronic diseases in adults

Interventions to improve insulin resistance for the prevention of endometrial cancer

Interventions to improve water quality and supply, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their effects on the nutritional status of children

Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea

Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection

Interventions to prevent and treat corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and prevent osteoporotic fractures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in high-risk women with singleton pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers

Interventions to reduce weight gain in schizophrenia

Intravenous iron therapy for non-anaemic, iron-deficient adults

Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis- stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer patients with anaemia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Intravenous nutrients for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants

Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome

Iron supplementation for breath-holding attacks in children

Iron supplementation for reducing morbidity and mortality in children with HIV

Iron therapy for improving psychomotor development and cognitive function in children under the age of three with iron deficiency anaemia

Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia

Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease

Isoflavones for hypercholesterolaemia in adults

Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants

Ketogenic diet for primary brain and spinal cord tumours

Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy

L-acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome

L-carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment

Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants

Lactoferrin for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery

Lactose avoidance for young children with acute diarrhoea

Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock

Lifestyle changes for treating psoriasis

Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Lifestyle interventions for acute gout

Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes

Lifestyle modification for obstructive sleep apnoea

Lifestyle modifications for non-alcohol related fatty liver disease: a network meta-analysis

Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants

Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants

Lipid-based nutrient supplements for maternal, birth, and infant developmental outcomes

Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term

Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants

Low bacterial diet versus control diet to prevent infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy causing episodes of neutropenia

Low carbohydrate versus balanced carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk

Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity

Low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diets for diabetes mellitus

Low protein diets for non-diabetic adults with chronic kidney disease

Low-fat diets for acquired hypercholesterolaemia

Lycopene for the prevention of prostate cancer

Magnesium for acute traumatic brain injury

Magnesium for alcohol withdrawal

Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps

Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease

Magnesium sulphate for acute bronchiolitis in children under two years of age

Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Magnesium supplementation in pregnancy

Marine oil supplements for rheumatoid arthritis

Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke

Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child

Maternal glucose administration for facilitating tests of fetal wellbeing

Maternal nutrient supplementation for suspected impaired fetal growth

Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood

Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children

Medically assisted nutrition for adult palliative care patients

Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies

Methods of milk expression for lactating women

Micronutrient supplementation for children with HIV infection

Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection

Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection

Mobile health (m-health) smartphone interventions for overweight or obese adolescents and adults

Modified dietary fat intake for treatment of gallstone disease

Modifying the consistency of food and fluids for swallowing difficulties in dementia

Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Monitoring of gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition

Mono and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma

Monosodium glutamate avoidance for chronic asthma in adults and children

Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants

Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point-of-use) fortification of foods in pregnant women

Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries

Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease

Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy

Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants

Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries

Newborn screening for galactosaemia

Newborn screening for homocystinuria

Niacin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events

Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non-nutritive sucking for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in preterm and low birth weight infants

Non-nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants

Non-pharmacological interventions for people with epilepsy and intellectual disabilities

Non-surgical interventions for eosinophilic esophagitis

Nut consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews

Nutritional advice for improving outcomes in multiple pregnancies

Nutritional interventions for liver-transplanted patients

Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers

Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

Nutritional interventions for survivors of childhood cancer

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes

Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption

Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Nutritional supplementation in enteral and parenteral nutrition for people with acute pancreatitis

Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis

Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis

Nutritional support for acute kidney injury

Nutritional support for critically ill children

Nutritional support for head-injured patients

Nutritional support for liver disease

Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia

Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis

Omega 3 fatty acids for preventing or slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration

Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease

Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Omega-3 fatty acids for bipolar disorder

Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults

Omega-3 fatty acids for dialysis vascular access outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

One-to-one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis

Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants

Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at-risk neonates

Oral iron supplements for children in malaria-endemic areas

Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors

Oral probiotics for infantile colic

Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease

Oral protein-based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants

Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children

Oral vitamin B versus intramuscular vitamin B for vitamin B deficiency

Oral vitamin C supplements to prevent and treat acute upper respiratory tract infections

Oral zinc for arterial and venous leg ulcers

Oral zinc for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates

Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants

Parent training programmes for managing infantile colic

Parent-only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years

Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients

Parenteral fluid regimens for improving functional outcome in people with acute stroke

Parenteral versus enteral fluid therapy for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis

Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease

Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus percutaneous radiological gastrostomy for swallowing disturbances

Perioperative administration of buffered versus non-buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes following adult surgical procedures

Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications

Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy

Perioperative restrictive versus goal-directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non-cardiac surgery

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility

Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V)

Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms

Phytoestrogens in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school-age

Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change

Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for drug-resistant epilepsy

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for schizophrenia

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco

Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults

Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache

Potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Pre-operative Nutrition Support in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery.

Prebiotics for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates

Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy

Preconception lifestyle advice for people with subfertility

Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery

Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications

Preoperative fasting for preventing perioperative complications in children

Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically-ill adults

Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection

Preventive lipid-based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23 months of age for health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes

Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries

Probiotic treatment for women with gestational diabetes to improve maternal and infant health and well-being

Probiotics as adjunctive therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection

Probiotics for fibromyalgia

Probiotics for induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis

Probiotics for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis

Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis

Probiotics for people with hepatic encephalopathy

Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children

Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections

Probiotics for preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics for preventing preterm labour

Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infection in people with neuropathic bladder

Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children

Probiotics for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia

Probiotics for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery

Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children

Probiotics for the prevention of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in late preterm and term neonates

Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related diarrhoea in people with cancer

Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children

Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea

Probiotics for treating eczema

Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children

Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults

Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant women

Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity

Probiotics to prevent infantile colic

Updated

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates

Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates

Propionyl-L-carnitine for intermittent claudication

Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition

Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants

Protein restriction for children with chronic kidney disease

Protein restriction for diabetic renal disease

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults

Psychological and/or educational interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in pregnant women and women planning pregnancy

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants

Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation during pregnancy or labour for maternal and neonatal outcomes

Re-feeding versus discarding gastric residuals to improve growth in preterm infants

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) for home-based nutritional rehabilitation of severe acute malnutrition in children from six months to five years of age

Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease

Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children

Reduced salt intake compared to normal dietary salt, or high intake, in pregnancy

Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy

Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants

Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour

Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome

Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Retinoic acid postconsolidation therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Rooming-in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children

School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged students

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus based on different risk profiles and settings for improving maternal and infant health

Selenium for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in cancer patients

Selenium for preventing cancer

Selenium supplementation during pregnancy for improving maternal and newborn outcomes

Selenium supplementation for Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Selenium supplementation for asthma

Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults

Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates

Self management interventions for type 2 diabetes in adult people with severe mental illness

Self management programmes for quality of life in people with stroke

Serum or plasma ferritin concentration as an index of iron deficiency and overload

Short versus long feeding interval for bolus feedings in very preterm infants

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Staple crops biofortified with increased micronutrient content: effects on vitamin and mineral status, as well as health and cognitive function in the general population

Stopping enteral feeds for prevention of transfusion-associated necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Strategies to improve the implementation of workplace-based policies or practices targeting tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity and obesity

Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures

Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

Supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to breastfeeding mothers for improving child growth and development

Supplementation with multiple micronutrients for breastfeeding women for improving outcomes for the mother and baby

Support during pregnancy for women at increased risk of low birthweight babies

Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at-risk adults

Surgery for rotator cuff tears

Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke

Sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Symptomatic treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non-communicable diseases in adult, ethnic minorities

Tartrazine exclusion for allergic asthma

Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Taxation of the fat content of foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar-added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

The WHO Health Promoting School framework for improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement

The effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and non-communicable diseases among infants and children younger than five years of age

The role of iron in the management of chemotherapy-induced anemia in cancer patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents

Thiamine for Alzheimer's disease

Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in people who abuse alcohol

Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for overweight and obese adults

Treatment for anemia in people with AIDS

Treatment for dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) in hereditary ataxia

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

Treatments for breast abscesses in breastfeeding women

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation

Treatments for gestational diabetes

Treatments for iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy

Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan for depression

Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria

Unconditional cash transfers for assistance in humanitarian disasters: effect on use of health services and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries

Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Vitamin A and beta (β)-carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamin A and fish oils for preventing the progression of retinitis pigmentosa

Vitamin A for non-measles pneumonia in children

Vitamin A for preventing acute lower respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age

Vitamin A for treating measles in children

Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy for maternal and newborn outcomes

Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Vitamin A supplementation for prevention of mortality and morbidity in moderate and late preterm infants

Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age

Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants

Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission

Vitamin B and its derivatives for diabetic kidney disease

Vitamin B for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Vitamin B for treating peripheral neuropathy

Vitamin B12 for cognition

Vitamin B6 for cognition

Vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for diabetic retinopathy

Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia

Vitamin C for preventing and treating tetanus

Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold

Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy

Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men

Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia

Vitamin D compounds for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Vitamin D compounds for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Vitamin D for the management of asthma

Vitamin D for the management of multiple sclerosis

Vitamin D for the treatment of chronic painful conditions in adults

Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults

Vitamin D supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Vitamin D supplementation for obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease

Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy

Vitamin D supplementation in infancy for improving bone density

Vitamin D with or without calcium for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children

Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment

Vitamin E for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia

Vitamin E for intermittent claudication

Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis

Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy

Vitamin K for improved anticoagulation control in patients receiving warfarin

Vitamin K for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women

Vitamin K for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Vitamin K for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver diseases

Vitamin K prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage

Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid life

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment

Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage

Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

Vitamins for epilepsy

Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries

Water for preventing urinary stones

Weight loss intervention through lifestyle modification or pharmacotherapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults

Weight loss interventions for chronic asthma

Weight reduction for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Weight reduction for primary prevention of stroke in adults with overweight or obesity

Wheat flour fortification with iron for reducing anaemia and improving iron status in populations

Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Whole grain foods for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults

Zinc supplementation as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in children 2 to 59 months of age

Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome

Zinc supplementation for mental and motor development in children

Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years of age

Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months

Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance

Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age

Zinc supplementation for the treatment of measles in children

Zinc supplementation for tinnitus

Zinc supplementation of parenteral nutrition in newborn infants

Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media

Zinc supplements for treating thalassaemia and sickle cell disease

mHealth education interventions in heart failure

By subtopic:

Allergy & intolerance (26)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (1)

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy

Complementary/alternative supplements (4)

Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy

Probiotics for treating eczema

Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity

Caffeine for asthma

Diets & dietary patterns (10)

Calorie controlled diet for chronic asthma

Dietary exclusions for established atopic eczema

Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children

Dietary sodium manipulation and asthma

Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood

Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child

Non-surgical interventions for eosinophilic esophagitis

Mono and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma

Monosodium glutamate avoidance for chronic asthma in adults and children

Tartrazine exclusion for allergic asthma

Food groups (2)

Immunotherapy (oral and sublingual) for food allergy to fruits

Caffeine for asthma

Macronutrient supplementation (4)

Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children

Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema

Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy

Micronutrient supplementation (5)

Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema

Selenium supplementation for asthma

Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

Vitamin D for the management of asthma

Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

Anaesthesia & pain (27)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (2)

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period

Complementary/alternative supplements (3)

Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis

Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome

Complete nutritional formula (2)

Intravenous nutrients for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults

Medically assisted nutrition for adult palliative care patients

Delivery & implementation strategies (6)

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period

Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery

Intravenous nutrients for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults

Medically assisted nutrition for adult palliative care patients

Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications

Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache

Perioperative administration of buffered versus non-buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes following adult surgical procedures

Hypertonic salt solution for peri-operative fluid management

Macronutrient supplementation (4)

Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery

Intravenous nutrients for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults

Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid from fish oils) for the treatment of cancer cachexia

Micronutrient supplementation (3)

Hypertonic salt solution for peri-operative fluid management

Selenium for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in cancer patients

Vitamin D for the treatment of chronic painful conditions in adults

Nutrition education, communication & support (3)

Educational interventions for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults

Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications

Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings

Policies & programmes (1)

Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings

Blood disorders (52)

Complementary/alternative supplements (1)

Prebiotics for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates

Delivery & implementation strategies (8)

Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis- stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer patients with anaemia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women

Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia

Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease

Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

Diets & dietary patterns (4)

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia

Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease

Low bacterial diet versus control diet to prevent infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy causing episodes of neutropenia

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Food groups (1)

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia

Fortified foods (5)

Wheat flour fortification with iron for reducing anaemia and improving iron status in populations

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (protocol stage)

Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors

Macronutrient supplementation (2)

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Micronutrient supplementation (27)

Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (protocol stage)

Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy

Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease

Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of anaemia in preterm neonates (protocol stage)

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (protocol stage)

Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations

Homocysteine lowering interventions for peripheral arterial disease and bypass grafts

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Intravenous iron therapy for non-anaemic, iron-deficient adults

Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis- stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer patients with anaemia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women

Iron therapy for improving psychomotor development and cognitive function in children under the age of three with iron deficiency anaemia

Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia

Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease

Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates

Vitamin K for improved anticoagulation control in patients receiving warfarin

Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors

The role of iron in the management of chemotherapy-induced anemia in cancer patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents

Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery

Treatment for anemia in people with AIDS

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

Treatments for iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease

Zinc supplements for treating thalassaemia and sickle cell disease

Nutrition education, communication & support (1)

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Policies & programmes (2)

Wheat flour fortification with iron for reducing anaemia and improving iron status in populations

Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations

Complementary/alternative supplements (6)

Chinese herbal medicine alone or combined with vitamins for gastric precancerous lesions (protocol stage)

Dietary flavonoid for preventing colorectal neoplasms

(Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer

Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related diarrhoea in people with cancer

Lycopene for the prevention of prostate cancer

Complete nutritional formula (5)

Enteral feeding methods for nutritional management in patients with head and neck cancers being treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Immunonutrition for patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer

Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications

Delivery & implementation strategies (5)

Enteral feeding methods for nutritional management in patients with head and neck cancers being treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction

Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis- stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer patients with anaemia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications

Diets & dietary patterns (11)

Body weight management in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors (protocol stage)

Dietary flavonoid for preventing colorectal neoplasms

Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Interventions to improve insulin resistance for the prevention of endometrial cancer (protocol stage)

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers

Ketogenic diet for primary brain and spinal cord tumours (protocol stage)

Low bacterial diet versus control diet to prevent infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy causing episodes of neutropenia

Lycopene for the prevention of prostate cancer

Nutritional interventions for survivors of childhood cancer

Selenium for preventing cancer

Food groups (1)

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer

Fortified foods (1)

Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy

Macronutrient supplementation (4)

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Dietary fibre for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas and carcinomas

Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid from fish oils) for the treatment of cancer cachexia

Micronutrient supplementation (13)

Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers

Chinese herbal medicine alone or combined with vitamins for gastric precancerous lesions (protocol stage)

Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers

Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis- stimulating agents (ESA) for cancer patients with anaemia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Nutritional interventions for survivors of childhood cancer

Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Retinoic acid postconsolidation therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Selenium for preventing cancer

Selenium for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in cancer patients

The role of iron in the management of chemotherapy-induced anemia in cancer patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults

Nutrition education, communication & support (5)

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Educational interventions for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults

Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy

Nutritional interventions for survivors of childhood cancer

Interventions for weight reduction in obesity to improve survival in women with endometrial cancer

Child health (355)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (52)

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants

Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants

Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants

Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Dilute versus full-strength formula in exclusively formula-fed preterm or low birth weight infants

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period

Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants

Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants

Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Feeding strategies to prevent neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in term or late preterm babies born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19 (protocol stage)

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Formula versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants

Human milk-derived fortifier versus bovine milk-derived fortifier for prevention of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease

Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese

Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants

Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants

Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants

Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Supplementation with multiple micronutrients for breastfeeding women for improving outcomes for the mother and baby

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Baby-led compared with scheduled (or mixed) breastfeeding for successful breastfeeding

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy

Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Rooming-in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding

Newborn screening for galactosaemia

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants

Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health (protocol stage)

Complementary/alternative supplements (25)

Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline (protocol stage)

Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults

Carnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnoea

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Different strains of probiotics for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Honey and lozenges for children with non-specific cough

Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome

Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Oral probiotics for infantile colic (protocol stage)

Prebiotics for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates

Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy

Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children

Probiotic treatment for women with gestational diabetes to improve maternal and infant health and well-being

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children

Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Probiotics for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (protocol stage)

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Probiotics for the prevention of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (protocol stage)

Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in late preterm and term neonates (protocol stage)

Probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children (protocol stage)

Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity

Probiotics to prevent infantile colic

Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children

Complete nutritional formula (5)

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Gastrostomy feeding versus oral feeding alone for children with cerebral palsy

Interventions for growth failure in childhood Crohn's disease

Nutritional support for critically ill children

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Delivery & implementation strategies (69)

Interventions for promoting participation in shared decision-making for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants

Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates

Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children

Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams

Continuous versus bolus intragastric tube feeding for preterm and low birth weight infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock

Different strains of probiotics for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period

Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants

Early discharge with home support of gavage feeding for stable preterm infants who have not established full oral feeds

Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition

Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months and under

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants

Enteral iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants

Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants

Fasting for haemostasis in children with gastrointestinal bleeding

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro-oesophageal reflux

Gastrostomy feeding versus oral feeding alone for children with cerebral palsy

Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate

Feeding strategies to prevent neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in term or late preterm babies born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19 (protocol stage)

Fish oil-based lipid emulsions versus standard lipid emulsions for prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in children (protocol stage)

Fish oil-based lipid emulsions versus standard lipid emulsions for treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in children (protocol stage)

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease

Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation

Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five

Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment

Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease

Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants

Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Non-nutritive sucking for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in preterm and low birth weight infants

Non-nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants

Nutritional support for critically ill children

Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age

Parenteral versus enteral fluid therapy for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis (protocol stage)

Baby-led compared with scheduled (or mixed) breastfeeding for successful breastfeeding

Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates

Preoperative fasting for preventing perioperative complications in children

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants

Re-feeding versus discarding gastric residuals to improve growth in preterm infants

Early versus Delayed Refeeding for Children with Acute Diarrhoea

Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants

Rooming-in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Short versus long feeding interval for bolus feedings in very preterm infants (protocol stage)

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Stopping enteral feeds for prevention of transfusion-associated necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Diets & dietary patterns (23)

Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in infants born preterm

Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

Low bacterial diet versus control diet to prevent infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy causing episodes of neutropenia

Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children

Monosodium glutamate avoidance for chronic asthma in adults and children

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in later infancy in term-born infants

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Nutritional interventions for survivors of childhood cancer

Parent-only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years

Interventions for preventing eating disorders in children and adolescents

Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries

Protein restriction for children with chronic kidney disease

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Lactose avoidance for young children with acute diarrhoea

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children

Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea

Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Parenteral versus enteral fluid therapy for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis (protocol stage)

Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children

Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Food groups (3)

Effectiveness of provision of animal-source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children 6 to 59 months of age

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under

Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease

Fortified foods (7)

Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency

Interventions for the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school-age

Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults (protocol stage)

Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age

Macronutrient supplementation (49)

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates

Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants

Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism

Combined large neutral amino acid supplementation for phenylketonuria (PKU) (protocol stage)

Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants

Creatine for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus

Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants

Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition

Preventive lipid-based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23 months of age for health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes

Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants

Enteral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates

Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease

Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants

Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease

Lactoferrin for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (protocol stage)

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants

Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants

Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at-risk neonates

Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders

Protein restriction for children with chronic kidney disease

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants

Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease

Micronutrient supplementation (65)

Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Daily iron supplementation for prevention or treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in infants, children, and adolescents (protocol stage)

Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants

Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)

Enteral iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants

Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates (protocol stage)

Fluoride supplements (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gums) for preventing dental caries in children

Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of anaemia in preterm neonates (protocol stage)

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency

Iron supplementation for reducing morbidity and mortality in children with HIV

Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

Interventions for the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children

Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants

Iron supplementation for breath-holding attacks in children

Oral iron supplements for children in malaria-endemic areas

Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease

Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia

Magnesium sulphate for acute bronchiolitis in children under two years of age (protocol stage)

Micronutrient supplementation for children with HIV infection

Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants

Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Supplementation with multiple micronutrients for breastfeeding women for improving outcomes for the mother and baby

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Nutritional interventions for survivors of childhood cancer

Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age

Oral zinc for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates

Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children

Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school-age

Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates

Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates

Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults (protocol stage)

Retinoic acid postconsolidation therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

The effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and non-communicable diseases among infants and children younger than five years of age (protocol stage)

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants (protocol stage)

Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn

Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age

Vitamin A for treating measles in children

Vitamin A for non-measles pneumonia in children

Vitamin A for preventing acute lower respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children

Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Vitamin A supplementation for prevention of mortality and morbidity in moderate and late preterm infants (protocol stage)

Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants

Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health (protocol stage)

Vitamin D supplementation in infancy for improving bone density (protocol stage)

Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children

Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Zinc supplementation as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in children 2 to 59 months of age

Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age

Zinc supplementation for mental and motor development in children

Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years of age

Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months

Zinc supplementation for the treatment of measles in children

Zinc supplementation of parenteral nutrition in newborn infants (protocol stage)

Nutrition education, communication & support (29)

Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in infants born preterm

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months and under

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors

Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)

Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease

Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under

Interventions for oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with neurological impairment

Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in later infancy in term-born infants

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Nutritional interventions for survivors of childhood cancer

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Parent training programmes for managing infantile colic

Parent-only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years

Interventions for preventing eating disorders in children and adolescents

Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries

Agricultural and nutritional education interventions for reducing aflatoxin exposure to improve infant and child growth in low- and middle-income countries

Policies & programmes (14)

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency

Growth monitoring in children

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease

Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under

Newborn screening for homocystinuria

Community-based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle income countries

School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged students

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Interventions to improve water quality and supply, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their effects on the nutritional status of children

The WHO Health Promoting School framework for improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Single foods (1)

Honey and lozenges for children with non-specific cough

Therapeutic foods (4)

Preventive lipid-based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23 months of age for health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) for home-based nutritional rehabilitation of severe acute malnutrition in children from six months to five years of age

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Complementary medicine (3)

Complementary/alternative supplements (1)

Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy

Macronutrient supplementation (1)

D-mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (protocol stage)

Micronutrient supplementation (1)

Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy

Consumer & communication strategies (21)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (1)

Factors that influence women’s engagement with breastfeeding support: a qualitative evidence synthesis (protocol stage)

Delivery & implementation strategies (3)

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

Internet-based interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

mHealth education interventions in heart failure

Diets & dietary patterns (1)

Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Food groups (1)

Impact of exposure to alcohol marketing and subsequent drinking patterns among youth and young adults (protocol stage)

Nutrition education, communication & support (11)

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health

Factors that influence women’s engagement with breastfeeding support: a qualitative evidence synthesis (protocol stage)

Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Interactive computer-based interventions for weight loss or weight maintenance in overweight or obese people

Internet-based interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

Interventions to enhance adherence to dietary advice for preventing and managing chronic diseases in adults

mHealth education interventions in heart failure

Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non-communicable diseases in adult, ethnic minorities

Computer-based diabetes self-management interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Policies & programmes (4)

Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health

Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption

Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco

Dentistry & oral health (14)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (1)

Breastfeeding for oral health in preschool children (protocol stage)

Complementary/alternative supplements (2)

Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults

Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome

Delivery & implementation strategies (1)

Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate

Diets & dietary patterns (2)

One-to-one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour

Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries

Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries

Fortified foods (1)

Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries

Micronutrient supplementation (2)

Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children

Fluoride supplements (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gums) for preventing dental caries in children

Nutrition education, communication & support (3)

Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate

One-to-one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour

Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries

Policies & programmes (1)

Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries

Developmental, psychosocial & learning problems (69)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (2)

Breastfeeding for oral health in preschool children (protocol stage)

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Complementary/alternative supplements (4)

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

L-acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome

Oral probiotics for infantile colic (protocol stage)

Probiotics to prevent infantile colic

Complete nutritional formula (1)

Gastrostomy feeding versus oral feeding alone for children with cerebral palsy

Delivery & implementation strategies (5)

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months and under

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors

Gastrostomy feeding versus oral feeding alone for children with cerebral palsy

Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Diets & dietary patterns (6)

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Food groups (1)

Effectiveness of provision of animal-source foods for supporting optimal growth and development in children 6 to 59 months of age

Fortified foods (4)

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school-age

Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults (protocol stage)

Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age

Macronutrient supplementation (11)

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood

Preventive lipid-based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23 months of age for health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes

Lipid-based nutrient supplements for maternal, birth, and infant developmental outcomes

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

Micronutrient supplementation (17)

Folate supplementation in women of reproductive age (protocol stage)

Folic acid for fragile X syndrome

Iron supplementation for breath-holding attacks in children

Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women

Iron therapy for improving psychomotor development and cognitive function in children under the age of three with iron deficiency anaemia

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Intermittent iron supplementation for improving nutrition and development in children under 12 years of age

Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school-age

Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults (protocol stage)

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

The effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and non-communicable diseases among infants and children younger than five years of age (protocol stage)

Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Combined vitamin B6-magnesium treatment in autism spectrum disorder

Zinc supplementation for mental and motor development in children

Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years of age

Nutrition education, communication & support (7)

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Educational interventions for improving primary caregiver complementary feeding practices for children aged 24 months and under

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

Interventions for oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with neurological impairment

Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)

Parent training programmes for managing infantile colic

Policies & programmes (7)

Growth monitoring in children

Community-based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle income countries

School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged students

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

The WHO Health Promoting School framework for improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Therapeutic foods (4)

Preventive lipid-based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23 months of age for health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) for home-based nutritional rehabilitation of severe acute malnutrition in children from six months to five years of age

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (1)

Newborn screening for galactosaemia

Nutrition education, communication & support (1)

Serum or plasma ferritin concentration as an index of iron deficiency and overload (protocol stage)

Policies & programmes (3)

Customised versus population-based growth charts as a screening tool for detecting small for gestational age infants in low-risk pregnant women

Growth monitoring in children

Newborn screening for homocystinuria

Ear, nose & throat (15)

Complementary/alternative supplements (2)

Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Complete nutritional formula (4)

Enteral feeding methods for nutritional management in patients with head and neck cancers being treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

Immunonutrition for patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances

Conservative management of oesophageal soft food bolus impaction

Delivery & implementation strategies (3)

Enteral feeding methods for nutritional management in patients with head and neck cancers being treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus percutaneous radiological gastrostomy for swallowing disturbances

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances

Diets & dietary patterns (2)

Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome

Lifestyle modification for obstructive sleep apnoea

Micronutrient supplementation (2)

Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media

Zinc supplementation for tinnitus

Nutrition education, communication & support (2)

Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome

Interventions for oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with neurological impairment

Effective practice & health systems (23)

Delivery & implementation strategies (8)

Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in children and adults with overweight or obesity

Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Inpatient versus outpatient care, partial hospitalisation and waiting list for people with eating disorders

Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five

Interventions for the uptake of evidence-based recommendations in acute stroke settings (protocol stage)

Mobile health (m-health) smartphone interventions for overweight or obese adolescents and adults (protocol stage)

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at-risk adults

Fortified foods (1)

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at-risk adults

Macronutrient supplementation (1)

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at-risk adults

Nutrition education, communication & support (7)

Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in children and adults with overweight or obesity

Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five

Interventions to enhance adherence to dietary advice for preventing and managing chronic diseases in adults

Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings

Policies & programmes (6)

Experiences of conditional and unconditional cash transfers intended for improving health outcomes and health service use: a qualitative evidence synthesis (protocol stage)

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five

Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings

Unconditional cash transfers for assistance in humanitarian disasters: effect on use of health services and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries

Endocrine & metabolic (174)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (1)

Antenatal breast milk expression by women with diabetes for improving infant outcomes

Complementary/alternative supplements (12)

Acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Chitosan for overweight or obesity

Cinnamon for diabetes mellitus

Dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for treating gestational diabetes

Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews

Isoflavones for hypercholesterolaemia in adults

Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Probiotics for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis

Probiotics for preventing gestational diabetes

Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes

Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Complete nutritional formula (1)

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes

Delivery & implementation strategies (9)

Antenatal breast milk expression by women with diabetes for improving infant outcomes

Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in children and adults with overweight or obesity

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes

Mobile health (m-health) smartphone interventions for overweight or obese adolescents and adults (protocol stage)

Oral vitamin B versus intramuscular vitamin B for vitamin B deficiency

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at-risk adults

Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Diets & dietary patterns (51)

Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for overweight and obese adults

Behavioural interventions for reducing weight gain in schizophrenia (protocol stage)

Body weight management in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors (protocol stage)

Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Calcium supplementation for weight reduction in overweight or obese people (protocol stage)

Combined calcium, magnesium and potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Intensive versus conventional glycaemic control for treating diabetic foot ulcers

Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus

Dietary advice for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults

Dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes

Weight loss interventions for chronic asthma

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing and treating diabetic kidney disease

Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia

Enhanced glucose control for preventing and treating diabetic neuropathy

Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

Interventions for the management of obesity in people with bipolar disorder (protocol stage)

Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese (protocol stage)

Interventions to improve insulin resistance for the prevention of endometrial cancer (protocol stage)

Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews

Interventions to reduce weight gain in schizophrenia

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Low carbohydrate versus balanced carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (protocol stage)

Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity

Low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diets for diabetes mellitus

Low-fat diets for acquired hypercholesterolaemia

Interventions for pregnant women with hyperglycaemia not meeting gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes diagnostic criteria

Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Parent-only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility (protocol stage)

Protein restriction for diabetic renal disease

Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Treatments for gestational diabetes

Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Dietary interventions for phenylketonuria

Weight loss intervention through lifestyle modification or pharmacotherapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults (protocol stage)

Weight reduction for primary prevention of stroke in adults with overweight or obesity

Whole grain foods for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Food groups (1)

Green tea for weight loss and weight maintenance in overweight or obese adults

Fortified foods (5)

Interventions for the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children

Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at-risk adults

Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors

Macronutrient supplementation (13)

Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria

Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism

Combined large neutral amino acid supplementation for phenylketonuria (PKU) (protocol stage)

Creatine for Parkinson's disease

Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V)

Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Human growth hormone and glutamine for patients with short bowel syndrome

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at-risk neonates

Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at-risk adults

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Dietary interventions for phenylketonuria

Micronutrient supplementation (39)

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women (protocol stage)

Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis

Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Calcium supplementation for weight reduction in overweight or obese people (protocol stage)

Calcium, vitamin D or recombinant parathyroid hormone for managing post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism

Chromium picolinate supplementation for overweight or obese adults

Combined calcium, magnesium and potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Daily iron supplementation for prevention or treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in infants, children, and adolescents (protocol stage)

Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V)

Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events

Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in dialysis patients

Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

Interventions for the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children

Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews

Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome

Antioxidant supplements for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis

Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility (protocol stage)

Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition

Selenium supplementation for Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and/or anaemia in blood donors

Vitamin A and beta (β)-carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamin B and its derivatives for diabetic kidney disease

Vitamin B for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (protocol stage)

Vitamin B for treating peripheral neuropathy

Vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for diabetic retinopathy

Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men

Vitamin D compounds for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults

Vitamin D supplementation for obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults

Vitamin D with or without calcium for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (protocol stage)

Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children

Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance

Nutrition education, communication & support (37)

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for overweight and obese adults

Behavioural interventions for reducing weight gain in schizophrenia (protocol stage)

Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in children and adults with overweight or obesity

Interconception care for women with a history of gestational diabetes for improving maternal and infant outcomes

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus

Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus

Dietary advice for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults

Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Weight loss interventions for chronic asthma

Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia

Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

Individual patient education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Interactive computer-based interventions for weight loss or weight maintenance in overweight or obese people

Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation

Interventions for the management of obesity in people with bipolar disorder (protocol stage)

Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese (protocol stage)

Interventions to reduce weight gain in schizophrenia

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Interventions for pregnant women with hyperglycaemia not meeting gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes diagnostic criteria

Parent-only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility (protocol stage)

Directed preconception health programs and interventions for improving pregnancy outcomes for women who are overweight or obese

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus based on different risk profiles and settings for improving maternal and infant health

Self management interventions for type 2 diabetes in adult people with severe mental illness

Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Treatments for gestational diabetes

Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Computer-based diabetes self-management interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Weight reduction for primary prevention of stroke in adults with overweight or obesity

Interventions for weight reduction in obesity to improve survival in women with endometrial cancer

Policies & programmes (4)

Taxation of the fat content of foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar-added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus based on different risk profiles and settings for improving maternal and infant health

Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes (protocol stage)

Single foods (1)

Sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Eyes & vision (11)

Delivery & implementation strategies (1)

Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease

Diets & dietary patterns (1)

Omega 3 fatty acids for preventing or slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration

Macronutrient supplementation (3)

Omega 3 fatty acids for preventing or slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration

Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease

Vitamin A and fish oils for preventing the progression of retinitis pigmentosa

Micronutrient supplementation (6)

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for preventing and slowing the progression of age-related cataract

Vitamin A and fish oils for preventing the progression of retinitis pigmentosa

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children

Vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for diabetic retinopathy

Gastroenterology (76)

Complementary/alternative supplements (12)

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related diarrhoea in people with cancer

Probiotics as adjunctive therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection (protocol stage)

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Probiotics for induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis

Probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children (protocol stage)

Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea

Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults

Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children

Complete nutritional formula (11)

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Enhanced recovery protocols for major upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic surgery

Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Interventions for growth failure in childhood Crohn's disease

Nutritional supplementation in enteral and parenteral nutrition for people with acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances

Pre-operative Nutrition Support in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery.

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications

Enteral nutrition formulations for acute pancreatitis

Conservative management of oesophageal soft food bolus impaction

Delivery & implementation strategies (16)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus percutaneous radiological gastrostomy for swallowing disturbances

Continuous versus bolus intragastric tube feeding for preterm and low birth weight infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Fasting for haemostasis in children with gastrointestinal bleeding

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro-oesophageal reflux

Fluid therapy protocols in people with acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis

Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Stopping enteral feeds for prevention of transfusion-associated necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of hospital stay and postoperative complications

Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (protocol stage)

Diets & dietary patterns (7)

Antacids and lifestyle advice for reflux oesophagitis and Endoscopy Negative Reflux Disease (protocol stage)

Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers

Non-surgical interventions for eosinophilic esophagitis

Pre-operative Nutrition Support in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery.

Fluid therapy protocols in people with acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea

Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions

Macronutrient supplementation (13)

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Antioxidants for acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Dietary fibre for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas and carcinomas

Fiber and bulking agents for the treatment of chronic constipation (protocol stage)

Fish oil for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis

Glutamine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease

Human growth hormone and glutamine for patients with short bowel syndrome

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Nutritional supplementation in enteral and parenteral nutrition for people with acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease

Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis

Micronutrient supplementation (9)

Antioxidants for acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis

Chinese herbal medicine alone or combined with vitamins for gastric precancerous lesions (protocol stage)

Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers

Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (protocol stage)

Vitamin D supplementation for obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery (protocol stage)

Vitamin K for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver diseases

Nutrition education, communication & support (4)

Nutritional interventions for reducing gastrointestinal toxicity in adults undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy

Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation

Policies & programmes (1)

Chewing gum for enhancing early recovery of bowel function after caesarean section

Gastroenterology (24)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (2)

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Complementary/alternative supplements (6)

Chinese herbal medicine alone or combined with vitamins for gastric precancerous lesions (protocol stage)

Dietary flavonoid for preventing colorectal neoplasms

Essential phospholipids for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (protocol stage)

Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease (protocol stage)

Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (protocol stage)

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Complete nutritional formula (2)

Monitoring of gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition (protocol stage)

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis

Delivery & implementation strategies (6)

Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Monitoring of gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition (protocol stage)

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Non-nutritive sucking for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in preterm and low birth weight infants

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Diets & dietary patterns (4)

Dietary flavonoid for preventing colorectal neoplasms

Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease (protocol stage)

Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (protocol stage)

Macronutrient supplementation (2)

Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease

Lactoferrin for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (protocol stage)

Micronutrient supplementation (2)

Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Genetic disorders (42)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (1)

Newborn screening for galactosaemia

Complementary/alternative supplements (2)

L-acetylcarnitine for treating fragile X syndrome

Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis

Complete nutritional formula (2)

Treatment for dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) in hereditary ataxia

Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis

Delivery & implementation strategies (4)

Interventions for promoting participation in shared decision-making for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Treatment for dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) in hereditary ataxia

Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis

Diets & dietary patterns (6)

Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria

Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia

Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Dietary interventions for phenylketonuria

Food groups (2)

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia

Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease

Macronutrient supplementation (12)

Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria

Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults

Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism

Combined large neutral amino acid supplementation for phenylketonuria (PKU) (protocol stage)

Creatine for treating muscle disorders

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis

Protein substitute for children and adults with phenylketonuria

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease

Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis

Dietary interventions for phenylketonuria

Micronutrient supplementation (11)

Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (protocol stage)

Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease

Folic acid for fragile X syndrome

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis

Magnesium for treating sickle cell disease

Vitamin A and beta (β)-carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamin D supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease

Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis

Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Zinc supplements for treating thalassaemia and sickle cell disease

Nutrition education, communication & support (1)

Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults

Policies & programmes (1)

Newborn screening for homocystinuria

Gynaecology (23)

Complementary/alternative supplements (5)

Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea

Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms

Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant women

Delivery & implementation strategies (4)

Early versus delayed oral fluids and food for reducing complications after major abdominal gynaecologic surgery

Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women

Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies

Diets & dietary patterns (4)

Interventions to improve insulin resistance for the prevention of endometrial cancer (protocol stage)

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility (protocol stage)

Preconception lifestyle advice for people with subfertility

Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Macronutrient supplementation (1)

Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea

Micronutrient supplementation (6)

Antioxidants for male subfertility

Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea

Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women

Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility (protocol stage)

Antioxidants for female subfertility

Nutrition education, communication & support (3)

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility (protocol stage)

Preconception lifestyle advice for people with subfertility

Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Health & safety at work (2)

Complementary/alternative supplements (1)

Caffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers

Food groups (1)

Caffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers

Heart & circulation (135)

Complementary/alternative supplements (11)

Co-enzyme Q10 supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure

Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension

Effect of cocoa on blood pressure

Flavonoids for treating venous leg ulcers

Garlic for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients

Garlic for peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Isoflavones for hypercholesterolaemia in adults

Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms

Propionyl-L-carnitine for intermittent claudication (protocol stage)

Delivery & implementation strategies (7)

Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Parenteral fluid regimens for improving functional outcome in people with acute stroke

Internet-based interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

Interventions for the uptake of evidence-based recommendations in acute stroke settings (protocol stage)

mHealth education interventions in heart failure

Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke

Diets & dietary patterns (41)

Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease

Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Combined calcium, magnesium and potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (protocol stage)

Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Disease management interventions for improving self-management in lower-limb peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease

Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children

Effects of total fat intake on body weight

Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults

Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (protocol stage)

High versus low added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (protocol stage)

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (protocol stage)

Interventions in the management of serum lipids for preventing stroke recurrence

Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes

Low carbohydrate versus balanced carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (protocol stage)

Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity

Low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diets for diabetes mellitus

Low-fat diets for acquired hypercholesterolaemia

Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke

Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure

Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduced salt intake compared to normal dietary salt, or high intake, in pregnancy

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride

Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease

Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (protocol stage)

Weight reduction for primary prevention of stroke in adults with overweight or obesity

Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension

Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Parenteral fluid regimens for improving functional outcome in people with acute stroke

Food groups (4)

Nut consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Fermented milk for hypertension

Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under

Fortified foods (2)

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension

Macronutrient supplementation (15)

Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease

Creatine and creatine analogues in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Fermented milk for hypertension

Fish oil for kidney transplant recipients

Omega-3 fatty acids for dialysis vascular access outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Fish oil supplements for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in adults (protocol stage)

Interventions in the management of serum lipids for preventing stroke recurrence

Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke

Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Micronutrient supplementation (17)

Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems

Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Combined calcium, magnesium and potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension

Homocysteine lowering interventions for peripheral arterial disease and bypass grafts

Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events

Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in kidney transplant recipients

Niacin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events

Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Potassium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults

Oral zinc for arterial and venous leg ulcers

Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Vitamin K for improved anticoagulation control in patients receiving warfarin

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Vitamin E for intermittent claudication

Vitamin K for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Nutrition education, communication & support (31)

Alcohol intake reduction for controlling hypertension

Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries

Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease

Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol

Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (protocol stage)

Disease management interventions for improving self-management in lower-limb peripheral arterial disease (protocol stage)

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Nut consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease

Effects of total fat intake on body weight

Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults

Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (protocol stage)

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Internet-based interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes

Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

mHealth education interventions in heart failure

Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease

Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduced salt intake compared to normal dietary salt, or high intake, in pregnancy

Self management programmes for quality of life in people with stroke

Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease

Weight reduction for primary prevention of stroke in adults with overweight or obesity

Long-term effects of weight-reducing diets in people with hypertension

Policies & programmes (3)

Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries

Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under

Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction

Single foods (3)

Effect of alcohol on blood pressure

Effect of cocoa on blood pressure

Interaction of calcium channel blockers and grapefruit juice in healthy adults (protocol stage)

Hepatology (43)

Complementary/alternative supplements (4)

Acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Probiotics for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis

Probiotics for people with hepatic encephalopathy

Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in late preterm and term neonates (protocol stage)

Complete nutritional formula (7)

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Enhanced recovery protocols for major upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic surgery

Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk

Nutritional interventions for liver-transplanted patients

Nutritional supplementation in enteral and parenteral nutrition for people with acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Nutritional support for liver disease

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis

Delivery & implementation strategies (6)

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Fish oil-based lipid emulsions versus standard lipid emulsions for prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in children (protocol stage)

Fish oil-based lipid emulsions versus standard lipid emulsions for treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in children (protocol stage)

Fluid therapy protocols in people with acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Nutritional interventions for liver-transplanted patients

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis

Diets & dietary patterns (4)

Diets for primary prevention of gallbladder stones in adults (protocol stage)

Lifestyle modifications for non-alcohol related fatty liver disease: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Modified dietary fat intake for treatment of gallstone disease (protocol stage)

Weight reduction for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Fluid therapy protocols in people with acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Fortified foods (1)

Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk

Macronutrient supplementation (7)

Antioxidants for acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk

Nutritional supplementation in enteral and parenteral nutrition for people with acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (protocol stage)

Micronutrient supplementation (10)

Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers

Antioxidant supplements for liver diseases

Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases

Antioxidants for acute pancreatitis (protocol stage)

Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis

Diets for primary prevention of gallbladder stones in adults (protocol stage)

Antioxidant supplements for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis

Oral zinc for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates

Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults

Vitamin K for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver diseases

Nutrition education, communication & support (3)

Diets for primary prevention of gallbladder stones in adults (protocol stage)

Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk

Lifestyle modifications for non-alcohol related fatty liver disease: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Infectious disease (50)

Complementary/alternative supplements (11)

Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections

Honey for acute cough in children

Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections

Probiotics as adjunctive therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection (protocol stage)

Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children

Probiotics for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (protocol stage)

Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea

Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults

Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant women

Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children

Delivery & implementation strategies (5)

Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children

Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis

Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection (protocol stage)

Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions

Early versus Delayed Refeeding for Children with Acute Diarrhoea

Diets & dietary patterns (2)

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

Lactose avoidance for young children with acute diarrhoea

Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children

Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis

Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea

Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea

Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions

Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children

Food groups (1)

Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections

Macronutrient supplementation (4)

Enteral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis

Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis

Micronutrient supplementation (19)

Interventions for the treatment of decreased bone mineral density associated with HIV infection

Iron supplementation for reducing morbidity and mortality in children with HIV

Oral iron supplements for children in malaria-endemic areas

Micronutrient supplementation for children with HIV infection

Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection

Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection

Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis

Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis

Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children

Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection

Treatment for anemia in people with AIDS

Vitamin A for treating measles in children

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children

Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission

Vitamin C for preventing and treating tetanus

Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age

Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age

Zinc supplementation for the treatment of measles in children

Nutrition education, communication & support (1)

Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection (protocol stage)

Policies & programmes (1)

Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection (protocol stage)

Kidney disease (39)

Complementary/alternative supplements (4)

Carnitine supplements for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis (protocol stage)

Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children

Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infection in people with neuropathic bladder

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (protocol stage)

Complete nutritional formula (1)

Nutritional support for acute kidney injury

Delivery & implementation strategies (2)

Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease

Nutritional support for acute kidney injury

Diets & dietary patterns (12)

Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease

Dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria

Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease

Altered dietary salt intake for preventing and treating diabetic kidney disease

Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese (protocol stage)

Low protein diets for non-diabetic adults with chronic kidney disease

Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children

Protein restriction for children with chronic kidney disease

Protein restriction for diabetic renal disease

Water for preventing urinary stones

Macronutrient supplementation (7)

D-mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (protocol stage)

Fish oil for kidney transplant recipients

Omega-3 fatty acids for dialysis vascular access outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Low protein diets for non-diabetic adults with chronic kidney disease

Nutritional support for acute kidney injury

Oral protein-based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Protein restriction for children with chronic kidney disease

Micronutrient supplementation (9)

Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in dialysis patients

Interventions for lowering plasma homocysteine levels in kidney transplant recipients

Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients

Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease

Antioxidants for chronic kidney disease

Vitamin B and its derivatives for diabetic kidney disease

Vitamin D compounds for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis

Vitamin D compounds for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Nutrition education, communication & support (3)

Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease

Glucose-lowering agents for treating pre-existing and new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients

Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese (protocol stage)

Lungs & airways (64)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (1)

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease

Complementary/alternative supplements (10)

Carnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnoea

Garlic for the common cold

Honey and lozenges for children with non-specific cough

Honey for acute cough in children

Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome

Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections

Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis

Probiotics for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia

Caffeine for asthma

Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Complete nutritional formula (3)

Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults

Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults

Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis

Delivery & implementation strategies (5)

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis

Parenteral versus enteral fluid therapy for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis (protocol stage)

Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults

Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis

Diets & dietary patterns (9)

Calorie controlled diet for chronic asthma

Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children

Weight loss interventions for chronic asthma

Dietary sodium manipulation and asthma

Lifestyle modification for obstructive sleep apnoea

Mono and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma

Monosodium glutamate avoidance for chronic asthma in adults and children

Tartrazine exclusion for allergic asthma

Weight loss intervention through lifestyle modification or pharmacotherapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults (protocol stage)

Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis

Parenteral versus enteral fluid therapy for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis (protocol stage)

Food groups (1)

Caffeine for asthma

Macronutrient supplementation (7)

Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease

Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis

Micronutrient supplementation (21)

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis

Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia

Magnesium sulphate for acute bronchiolitis in children under two years of age (protocol stage)

Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis

Oral vitamin C supplements to prevent and treat acute upper respiratory tract infections (protocol stage)

Selenium supplementation for asthma

Vitamin A and beta (β)-carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamin D supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamin A for non-measles pneumonia in children

Vitamin A for preventing acute lower respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age

Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia

Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold

Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia

Vitamin D for the management of asthma

Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis

Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis

Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

Zinc supplementation as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in children 2 to 59 months of age

Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months

Zinc supplements for preventing otitis media

Nutrition education, communication & support (2)

Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections

Weight loss interventions for chronic asthma

Single foods (1)

Honey and lozenges for children with non-specific cough

Mental health (31)

Complementary/alternative supplements (1)

Inositol for depressive disorders

Delivery & implementation strategies (1)

Inpatient versus outpatient care, partial hospitalisation and waiting list for people with eating disorders

Diets & dietary patterns (8)

Behavioural interventions for reducing weight gain in schizophrenia (protocol stage)

Dietary interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life (protocol stage)

Dietary interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid life (protocol stage)

Dietary interventions for prevention of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (protocol stage)

Interventions for the management of obesity in people with bipolar disorder (protocol stage)

Interventions to reduce weight gain in schizophrenia

Non-pharmacological interventions for people with epilepsy and intellectual disabilities

Interventions for preventing eating disorders in children and adolescents

Macronutrient supplementation (5)

Dietary supplements for preventing postnatal depression

Omega-3 fatty acids for bipolar disorder

Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for schizophrenia

Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan for depression

Micronutrient supplementation (10)

Adjunctive antioxidants for bipolar disorder (protocol stage)

Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia

Dietary supplements for preventing postnatal depression

Folate for depressive disorders

Non-pharmacological interventions for people with epilepsy and intellectual disabilities

Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid life (protocol stage)

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment

Vitamin E for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia

Nutrition education, communication & support (6)

Behavioural interventions for reducing weight gain in schizophrenia (protocol stage)

Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia

Interventions for the management of obesity in people with bipolar disorder (protocol stage)

Interventions to reduce weight gain in schizophrenia

Interventions for preventing eating disorders in children and adolescents

Self management interventions for type 2 diabetes in adult people with severe mental illness

Musculoskeletal (52)

Complementary/alternative supplements (8)

Antioxidant treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline (protocol stage)

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis

Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia

Phytoestrogens in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (protocol stage)

Probiotics for fibromyalgia (protocol stage)

Complete nutritional formula (3)

Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Symptomatic treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Delivery & implementation strategies (3)

Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise

Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Diets & dietary patterns (5)

Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise

Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout

Lifestyle interventions for acute gout

Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis

Food groups (1)

Phytoestrogens in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (protocol stage)

Fortified foods (1)

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Macronutrient supplementation (8)

Antioxidant treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Creatine for treating muscle disorders

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V)

Marine oil supplements for rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Interventions to prevent and treat corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and prevent osteoporotic fractures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Micronutrient supplementation (22)

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women (protocol stage)

Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise

Antioxidant treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis

Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V)

Interventions for the treatment of decreased bone mineral density associated with HIV infection

Interventions for preventing falls in people with multiple sclerosis

Fluoride for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis

Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia

Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia

Interventions to prevent and treat corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and prevent osteoporotic fractures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Ascorbic acid for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children

Vitamin D for the management of multiple sclerosis

Vitamin D supplementation in infancy for improving bone density (protocol stage)

Vitamin D with or without calcium for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (protocol stage)

Vitamin K for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women (protocol stage)

Nutrition education, communication & support (1)

Lifestyle interventions for acute gout

Neonatal care (177)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (48)

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants

Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants

Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Dilute versus full-strength formula in exclusively formula-fed preterm or low birth weight infants

Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants

Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Feeding strategies to prevent neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in term or late preterm babies born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19 (protocol stage)

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Formula versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants

High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants

Human milk-derived fortifier versus bovine milk-derived fortifier for prevention of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease

Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants

Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants

Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants

Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Supplementation with multiple micronutrients for breastfeeding women for improving outcomes for the mother and baby

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Baby-led compared with scheduled (or mixed) breastfeeding for successful breastfeeding

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy

Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Rooming-in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding

Newborn screening for galactosaemia

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants

Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health (protocol stage)

Complementary/alternative supplements (14)

Carnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnoea

Carnitine supplementation of parenterally fed neonates

Different strains of probiotics for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome

Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Oral probiotics for infantile colic (protocol stage)

Prebiotics for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates

Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Probiotics for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (protocol stage)

Probiotics for the prevention of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (protocol stage)

Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in late preterm and term neonates (protocol stage)

Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity

Probiotics to prevent infantile colic

Complete nutritional formula (1)

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Delivery & implementation strategies (41)

Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants

Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams

Continuous versus bolus intragastric tube feeding for preterm and low birth weight infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

Different strains of probiotics for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Early discharge with home support of gavage feeding for stable preterm infants who have not established full oral feeds

Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants

Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition

Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants

Enteral iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants

Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants

Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro-oesophageal reflux

Feeding strategies to prevent neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in term or late preterm babies born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19 (protocol stage)

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation

Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants

Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants

Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Non-nutritive sucking for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in preterm and low birth weight infants

Non-nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants

Baby-led compared with scheduled (or mixed) breastfeeding for successful breastfeeding

Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants

Re-feeding versus discarding gastric residuals to improve growth in preterm infants

Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants

Rooming-in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Short versus long feeding interval for bolus feedings in very preterm infants (protocol stage)

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Stopping enteral feeds for prevention of transfusion-associated necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants

Diets & dietary patterns (3)

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in infants born preterm

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in later infancy in term-born infants

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Macronutrient supplementation (33)

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake

Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates

Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants

Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants

Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants

Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition

Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants

Enteral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates

Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease

Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants

Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease

Lactoferrin for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (protocol stage)

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants

Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants

Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at-risk neonates

Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures

Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants

Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants

Micronutrient supplementation (26)

Complementary and alternative therapies for shortening labour (protocol stage)

Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants

Enteral iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants

Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates (protocol stage)

Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of anaemia in preterm neonates (protocol stage)

Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants

Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants

Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Supplementation with multiple micronutrients for breastfeeding women for improving outcomes for the mother and baby

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Oral zinc for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates

Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates

Selenium supplementation during pregnancy for improving maternal and newborn outcomes (protocol stage)

Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants (protocol stage)

Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn

Vitamin A supplementation for prevention of mortality and morbidity in moderate and late preterm infants (protocol stage)

Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health (protocol stage)

Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Vitamin K prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage

Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age

Zinc supplementation of parenteral nutrition in newborn infants (protocol stage)

Nutrition education, communication & support (7)

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake

Dietary modifications for infantile colic

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in infants born preterm

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in later infancy in term-born infants

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Parent training programmes for managing infantile colic

Policies & programmes (1)

Newborn screening for homocystinuria

Complementary/alternative supplements (11)

Acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Antioxidant treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline (protocol stage)

Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis

Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment

L-carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment

Acetyl-l-carnitine for dementia

Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia

Probiotics for fibromyalgia (protocol stage)

Probiotics for people with hepatic encephalopathy

Complete nutritional formula (6)

Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (protocol stage)

Symptomatic treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances

Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia

Treatment for dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) in hereditary ataxia

Delivery & implementation strategies (8)

Nutritional support for head-injured patients

Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (protocol stage)

Modifying the consistency of food and fluids for swallowing difficulties in dementia

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances

Oral vitamin B versus intramuscular vitamin B for vitamin B deficiency

Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia

Treatment for dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) in hereditary ataxia

Diets & dietary patterns (13)

Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome

Dietary interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life (protocol stage)

Dietary interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid life (protocol stage)

Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis-related outcomes

Dietary interventions for prevention of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (protocol stage)

Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia

Enhanced glucose control for preventing and treating diabetic neuropathy

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia

Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia

Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy

Non-pharmacological interventions for people with epilepsy and intellectual disabilities

Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Carbohydrates for improving the cognitive performance of independent-living older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment

Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache

Modifying the consistency of food and fluids for swallowing difficulties in dementia

Macronutrient supplementation (13)

Antioxidant treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy

Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease

Creatine for Parkinson's disease

Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis-related outcomes

Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia

Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy

Alpha lipoic acid for dementia

Omega-3 fatty acids for bipolar disorder

Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for drug-resistant epilepsy

Carbohydrates for improving the cognitive performance of independent-living older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment

Micronutrient supplementation (24)

Antioxidant treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis-related outcomes

Interventions for preventing falls in people with multiple sclerosis

Thiamine for Alzheimer's disease

Iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome

Magnesium for acute traumatic brain injury

Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps

Vitamin B6 for cognition

Vitamin B12 for cognition

Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people

Non-pharmacological interventions for people with epilepsy and intellectual disabilities

Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia

Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment

Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in people who abuse alcohol

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid life (protocol stage)

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment

Vitamin B for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (protocol stage)

Vitamin B for treating peripheral neuropathy

Combined vitamin B6-magnesium treatment in autism spectrum disorder

Ascorbic acid for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Vitamin D for the management of multiple sclerosis

Vitamin E for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia

Vitamins for epilepsy

Nutrition education, communication & support (4)

Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome

Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis-related outcomes

Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia

Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia

Older people (34)

Complementary/alternative supplements (2)

Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment

Acetyl-l-carnitine for dementia

Complete nutritional formula (2)

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia

Delivery & implementation strategies (3)

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke

Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia

Diets & dietary patterns (5)

Dietary interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life (protocol stage)

Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia

Omega 3 fatty acids for preventing or slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration

Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Carbohydrates for improving the cognitive performance of independent-living older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment

Fortified foods (1)

Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition

Macronutrient supplementation (7)

Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia

Alpha lipoic acid for dementia

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Omega 3 fatty acids for preventing or slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration

Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia

Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition

Carbohydrates for improving the cognitive performance of independent-living older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment

Micronutrient supplementation (14)

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for preventing and slowing the progression of age-related cataract

Fluoride for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis

Thiamine for Alzheimer's disease

Vitamin B6 for cognition

Vitamin B12 for cognition

Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition

Vitamin E for Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment

Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men

Vitamin D with or without calcium for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (protocol stage)

Vitamin K for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women (protocol stage)

Orthopaedics (5)

Complete nutritional formula (1)

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Delivery & implementation strategies (1)

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Macronutrient supplementation (1)

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Micronutrient supplementation (2)

Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients

Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people

Pregnancy & childbirth (178)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (21)

Antenatal breastfeeding education for increasing breastfeeding duration

Antenatal breast examination for promoting breastfeeding

Antenatal breast milk expression by women with diabetes for improving infant outcomes

Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples

Breastfeeding or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour

Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Extra fluids for breastfeeding mothers for increasing milk production

Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth

Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women

Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese

Methods of milk expression for lactating women

Supplementation with multiple micronutrients for breastfeeding women for improving outcomes for the mother and baby

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Baby-led compared with scheduled (or mixed) breastfeeding for successful breastfeeding

Rooming-in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation

Treatments for breast abscesses in breastfeeding women

Complementary/alternative supplements (14)

Dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for treating gestational diabetes

Garlic for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications

Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in high-risk women with singleton pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews

Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Probiotic treatment for women with gestational diabetes to improve maternal and infant health and well-being

Probiotics for preventing preterm labour

Probiotics for preventing gestational diabetes

Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation

Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Delivery & implementation strategies (18)

Antenatal breast milk expression by women with diabetes for improving infant outcomes

Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples

Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants

Early compared with delayed oral fluids and food after caesarean section

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy

Interventions for ketosis during labour

Metabolomics for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies

Methods of milk expression for lactating women

Baby-led compared with scheduled (or mixed) breastfeeding for successful breastfeeding

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point-of-use) fortification of foods in pregnant women

Rooming-in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

Interventions during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Diets & dietary patterns (19)

Altered dietary salt for preventing pre-eclampsia, and its complications

Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy

Diet or exercise, or both, for weight reduction in women after childbirth

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus

Effects of restricted caffeine intake by mother on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes

Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood

Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum

Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes

Interventions for pregnant women with hyperglycaemia not meeting gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes diagnostic criteria

Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child

Nutritional advice for improving outcomes in multiple pregnancies

Preconception lifestyle advice for people with subfertility

Reduced salt intake compared to normal dietary salt, or high intake, in pregnancy

Treatments for gestational diabetes

Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Antenatal interventions for reducing weight in obese women for improving pregnancy outcome

Extra fluids for breastfeeding mothers for increasing milk production

Interventions for ketosis during labour

Food groups (1)

Early compared with delayed oral fluids and food after caesarean section

Fortified foods (2)

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point-of-use) fortification of foods in pregnant women

Macronutrient supplementation (13)

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake

Creatine for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus

Dietary supplements for preventing postnatal depression

Lipid-based nutrient supplements for maternal, birth, and infant developmental outcomes

Maternal prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation for preventing allergies in early childhood

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy

Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in high-risk women with singleton pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to breastfeeding mothers for improving child growth and development

Maternal glucose administration for facilitating tests of fetal wellbeing

Maternal nutrient supplementation for suspected impaired fetal growth

Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy

Interventions during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Micronutrient supplementation (40)

Antioxidants for male subfertility

Antioxidants for preventing pre-eclampsia

Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems

Complementary and alternative therapies for shortening labour (protocol stage)

Dietary supplements for preventing postnatal depression

Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes

Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children

Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy for maternal health and pregnancy outcomes

Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy

Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy

Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy

Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum

Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in high-risk women with singleton pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (protocol stage)

Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews

Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy

Maternal nutrient supplementation for suspected impaired fetal growth

Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection

Supplementation with multiple micronutrients for breastfeeding women for improving outcomes for the mother and baby

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy

Selenium supplementation during pregnancy for improving maternal and newborn outcomes (protocol stage)

Magnesium supplementation in pregnancy

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

Treatment for women with postpartum iron deficiency anaemia

Treatments for iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy

Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy for maternal and newborn outcomes

Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women

Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission

Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation during pregnancy or labour for maternal and neonatal outcomes

Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy

Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy

Vitamin K prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage

Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage

Antioxidants for female subfertility

Interventions during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome

Nutrition education, communication & support (37)

Altered dietary salt for preventing pre-eclampsia, and its complications

Antenatal breastfeeding education for increasing breastfeeding duration

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake

Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples

Interconception care for women with a history of gestational diabetes for improving maternal and infant outcomes

Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus

Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy

Diet or exercise, or both, for weight reduction in women after childbirth

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus

Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes

Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding

Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth

Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum

Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes

Interventions for pregnant women with hyperglycaemia not meeting gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes diagnostic criteria

Methods of milk expression for lactating women

Nutritional advice for improving outcomes in multiple pregnancies

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Directed preconception health programs and interventions for improving pregnancy outcomes for women who are overweight or obese

Preconception lifestyle advice for people with subfertility

Psychological and/or educational interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in pregnant women and women planning pregnancy

Reduced salt intake compared to normal dietary salt, or high intake, in pregnancy

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus based on different risk profiles and settings for improving maternal and infant health

Support during pregnancy for women at increased risk of low birthweight babies

Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation

Treatments for gestational diabetes

Treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Antenatal interventions for reducing weight in obese women for improving pregnancy outcome

Interventions during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Policies & programmes (9)

Customised versus population-based growth charts as a screening tool for detecting small for gestational age infants in low-risk pregnant women

Chewing gum for enhancing early recovery of bowel function after caesarean section

Health system and community level interventions for improving antenatal care coverage and health outcomes

Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding

Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus based on different risk profiles and settings for improving maternal and infant health

Support during pregnancy for women at increased risk of low birthweight babies

Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies

Interventions during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews

Single foods (2)

Cranberries for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy (protocol stage)

Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum

Public health (159)

Breastmilk & breastmilk substitutes (2)

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Complementary/alternative supplements (4)

Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults

Co-enzyme Q10 supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer

Delivery & implementation strategies (10)

Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population

Community-level interventions for improving access to food in low- and middle-income countries

Strategies to improve the implementation of workplace-based policies or practices targeting tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity and obesity

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy

Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection (protocol stage)

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point-of-use) fortification of foods in pregnant women

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Diets & dietary patterns (23)

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Diets for primary prevention of gallbladder stones in adults (protocol stage)

Surgery for rotator cuff tears

Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease

Effects of total fat intake on body weight

Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations

Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (protocol stage)

GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women undergoing assisted reproduction

High versus low added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (protocol stage)

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Low carbohydrate versus balanced carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (protocol stage)

Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure

Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Selenium for preventing cancer

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease

Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Whole grain foods for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea

Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries

Food groups (4)

Nut consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer

Impact of exposure to alcohol marketing and subsequent drinking patterns among youth and young adults (protocol stage)

Fortified foods (13)

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Wheat flour fortification with iron for reducing anaemia and improving iron status in populations

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (protocol stage)

Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations

Fortification of rice with vitamins and minerals for addressing micronutrient malnutrition

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population

Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point-of-use) fortification of foods in pregnant women

Staple crops biofortified with increased micronutrient content: effects on vitamin and mineral status, as well as health and cognitive function in the general population (protocol stage)

Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general population

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes

Macronutrient supplementation (8)

Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease

Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Micronutrient supplementation (28)

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases

Diets for primary prevention of gallbladder stones in adults (protocol stage)

Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension

Folate supplementation in women of reproductive age (protocol stage)

Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (protocol stage)

Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations

Fortification of rice with vitamins and minerals for addressing micronutrient malnutrition

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy

Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period

Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries

Selenium for preventing cancer

Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Staple crops biofortified with increased micronutrient content: effects on vitamin and mineral status, as well as health and cognitive function in the general population (protocol stage)

Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general population

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes

Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission

Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia

Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia

Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults

Vitamin K for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Nutrition education, communication & support (29)

Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries

Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health

Diets for primary prevention of gallbladder stones in adults (protocol stage)

Nut consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease

Effects of total fat intake on body weight

Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations

Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (protocol stage)

Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)

Community-level interventions for improving access to food in low- and middle-income countries

Strategies to improve the implementation of workplace-based policies or practices targeting tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity and obesity

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection (protocol stage)

Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese

Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease

Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction

Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption

Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings

Omega-6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Agricultural and nutritional education interventions for reducing aflatoxin exposure to improve infant and child growth in low- and middle-income countries

Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non-communicable diseases in adult, ethnic minorities

Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease

Policies & programmes (33)

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders

Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption

Community level interventions to improve food security in developed countries (protocol stage)

Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries

Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health

Taxation of the fat content of foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Wheat flour fortification with iron for reducing anaemia and improving iron status in populations

Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar-added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Experiences of conditional and unconditional cash transfers intended for improving health outcomes and health service use: a qualitative evidence synthesis (protocol stage)

Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations

Fortification of rice with vitamins and minerals for addressing micronutrient malnutrition

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population

Community-level interventions for improving access to food in low- and middle-income countries

Strategies to improve the implementation of workplace-based policies or practices targeting tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity and obesity

Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services

Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease

Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection (protocol stage)

Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction

Nutritional labelling for healthier food or non-alcoholic drink purchasing and consumption

Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings

Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco

Community-based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle income countries

Staple crops biofortified with increased micronutrient content: effects on vitamin and mineral status, as well as health and cognitive function in the general population (protocol stage)

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes (protocol stage)

Interventions to improve water quality and supply, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their effects on the nutritional status of children

Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general population

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes

Unconditional cash transfers for assistance in humanitarian disasters: effect on use of health services and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries

Single foods (1)

Effect of alcohol on blood pressure

Therapeutic foods (2)

Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries

Community-based supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations – an overview of systematic reviews

Rheumatology (11)

Complementary/alternative supplements (2)

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis

Diets & dietary patterns (3)

Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout

Lifestyle interventions for acute gout

Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis

Fortified foods (1)

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Macronutrient supplementation (2)

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Marine oil supplements for rheumatoid arthritis (protocol stage)

Micronutrient supplementation (2)

Dietary supplements for chronic gout

Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Nutrition education, communication & support (1)

Lifestyle interventions for acute gout

Skin disorders (5)

Complementary/alternative supplements (1)

Probiotics for treating eczema

Diets & dietary patterns (2)

Dietary exclusions for established atopic eczema

Lifestyle changes for treating psoriasis

Macronutrient supplementation (1)

Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema

Micronutrient supplementation (1)

Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema

Tobacco, drugs & alcohol (17)

Delivery & implementation strategies (2)

Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption

Strategies to improve the implementation of workplace-based policies or practices targeting tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity and obesity

Diets & dietary patterns (2)

Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations

Food groups (2)

Impact of exposure to alcohol marketing and subsequent drinking patterns among youth and young adults (protocol stage)

Immunotherapy (oral and sublingual) for food allergy to fruits

Micronutrient supplementation (2)

Magnesium for alcohol withdrawal

Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in people who abuse alcohol

Nutrition education, communication & support (7)

Alcohol intake reduction for controlling hypertension

Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations

Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications

Strategies to improve the implementation of workplace-based policies or practices targeting tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity and obesity

Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation

Psychological and/or educational interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in pregnant women and women planning pregnancy

Serum or plasma ferritin concentration as an index of iron deficiency and overload (protocol stage)

Policies & programmes (2)

Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption

Strategies to improve the implementation of workplace-based policies or practices targeting tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity and obesity

Trauma & critical illness (43)

Complementary/alternative supplements (2)

Caffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers

Probiotics for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia

Complete nutritional formula (10)

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in the intensive care unit

Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries

Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically-ill adults

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults

High-carbohydrate, high-protein, low-fat versus low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat enteral feeds for burns

Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults

Medically assisted nutrition for adult palliative care patients

Nutritional support for critically ill children

Nutritional support for acute kidney injury

Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults

Delivery & implementation strategies (16)

Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children

Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in the intensive care unit

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock

Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries

Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically-ill adults

Nutritional support for head-injured patients

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults

Immunonutrition as an adjuvant therapy for burns

Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia

Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease

Perioperative restrictive versus goal-directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non-cardiac surgery

Medically assisted nutrition for adult palliative care patients

Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis

Nutritional support for critically ill children

Nutritional support for acute kidney injury

Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults

Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children

Perioperative administration of buffered versus non-buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes following adult surgical procedures

Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock

Perioperative restrictive versus goal-directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non-cardiac surgery

Food groups (1)

Caffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers

Macronutrient supplementation (3)

Glutamine supplementation for critically ill adults

Immunonutrition as an adjuvant therapy for burns

Nutritional support for acute kidney injury

Micronutrient supplementation (7)

Intravenous iron therapy for non-anaemic, iron-deficient adults

Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia

Iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease

Magnesium for acute traumatic brain injury

Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients

Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults

Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery

Complementary/alternative supplements (4)

Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections

Lycopene for the prevention of prostate cancer

Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children

Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infection in people with neuropathic bladder

Complete nutritional formula (1)

Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy

Diets & dietary patterns (2)

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults

Lycopene for the prevention of prostate cancer

Water for preventing urinary stones

Food groups (1)

Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections

Fortified foods (1)

Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy

Macronutrient supplementation (1)

D-mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (protocol stage)

Micronutrient supplementation (1)

Antioxidants for male subfertility

Nutrition education, communication & support (2)

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults

Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy

Single foods (1)

Cranberries for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy (protocol stage)

Complementary/alternative supplements (1)

Flavonoids for treating venous leg ulcers

Complete nutritional formula (4)

Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes

Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries

High-carbohydrate, high-protein, low-fat versus low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat enteral feeds for burns

Delivery & implementation strategies (5)

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes

Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries

Immunonutrition as an adjuvant therapy for burns

Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications

Preoperative fasting for preventing perioperative complications in children

Diets & dietary patterns (3)

Intensive versus conventional glycaemic control for treating diabetic foot ulcers

Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers

Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes

Macronutrient supplementation (2)

Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers

Immunonutrition as an adjuvant therapy for burns

Micronutrient supplementation (3)

Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers

Oral zinc for arterial and venous leg ulcers

Vitamin C for preventing and treating tetanus

New and Updated (in the latest issue of the CLib):

New

Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates

New

Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants

Updated

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants